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Topic “Early Years (0-5yrs)”
Early Years (0 to 5 years)
writes on a screen
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Writing on a computer screen Computer Symbol for computer Mouse Attractive programme like 'dazzle' for paint effects. You can make a symbol card using the Commtap Symboliser for PowerPoint. | 1. Show the child a symbol of the computer and lead the child to the computer holding the symbol for the child to see. 2. Model clicking on the mouse to make a change to the computer screen. 3. Comment on the change. E.g., 'Look... its gone red.' 4. Gradually give the child less and less help to click with the mouse. 5. Print out some of the screens that the child has made by using the mouse. 6. Comment on the print outs using one or two words e.g. 'Look......... green'. 7. Help the child take this print out to another adult for comment and praise. 8. Make a scrapbook of the printouts. Write the child's name under the print out. | Gradually fade out any help and allow the child to complete more and more of the task till they are doing all the task themselves. Give lots of praise or offer a reward bag for a task completed. |
Use prepositions in short sentences
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| In Pictures of a fridge, washing machine, cupboard, suitcase Pictures of food, clothes. | Take it in turns to instruct each other to put e.g. 'socks in the washing machine', 'put the pasta in the cupboard' | When the children are confident with this, move on to use two prepositions, e.g. 'in' and 'on'. |
| On A clothesline - either a picture or a real line and pegs Pictures of clothes A TV guide Outline of a pizza base Pictures of pizza toppings. Or - draw a base and draw the toppings onto it. | 1. Take it in turns to instruct each other to put clothes on the line, e.g. 'Put the jumper on the clothesline.' 2. Go through the TV guide and find favourite shows. Say what you are watching on TV'. e.g. 'I'm watching cartoons on TV 3. Put toppings on the pizza base e.g. 'I'm putting chicken on my pizza'. | When the children are confident with this, move on to use two prepositions, e.g. 'in' and 'on'. |
| To Action pictures Place pictures | When the children are confident with this, move on to use two prepositions, e.g. 'in' and 'to'. | |
| Under Pictures of furniture and objects | You can use real objects for this. When the children are confident with this, move on to use two prepositions, e.g. 'on' and 'under'. | |
| Behind, Next To, In Front Pictures of people Outline of a bus / train / classroom Pictures of different vehicles | ||
| All Together An interesting object to use as 'treasure' |
Use and understand growing vocabulary
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Shopping games everyday objects, shopping bag, table | One pupil sits at the 'shop'. Another is asked to go and buy an object. | A picture card can be used to help the pupil remember what they are going to shop for. |
| Posting games pictures of everyday objects, post box | Take a picture of an object, say or sign what it is, and post it | Give the pupil time to name the object. Help them by giving a prompt (e.g. a forced alternative, the first sound. or the word or sign to repeat) |
| Fishing game pictures with paper clips attached, magnetic fishing rods, 'pond' e.g. a flat box | Give the pupil time to name the object. Help them by giving a prompt (e.g. a forced alternative, the first sound. or the word or sign to repeat) | |
| 'Hide the fish' Eight picture cards, small piece of paper with a fish drawn on it | ||
| Guess the mime Picture cards or objects | ||
| Story books and pictures |
Talk about a recent event
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| News Report Prompt sheet with a series of boxes in order, e.g. | 1. Ask the child to tell you about something they have done, e.g. making a snowman. 2. Encourage them to tell you what they did first, next, next, at the end, using the prompt sheet. | You can use the prompt sheet by pointing to the boxes in order as you go through the event. You or the child could add drawings or pictures into the boxes. | |||||
| Timeline A timeline drawn on paper or a string | Start with what the child has done in the morning or the day. You can move on to longer periods of time. You can do this by using pictures off a visual timetable. | ||||||
| What's in the Bag? Bag Objects to do with a familiar routine, e.g. getting up |
Four word phrases
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Act out a simple story with miniature people Use an event retell sheet with columns for 'who', 'what', 'when', 'where'. Simple everyday stories, for example: 'Going to the shops to buy new red shoes, nearly not finding red shoes, happiness at finding them at last' 'going out to play in the rain and jumping in puddles. Mum is cross' 'playing football with Dad and Dad kicks the ball into a tree' 'going on the bus on the bus and loosing teddy. Finding him next day at the bus station'. | Tell a story to the child using miniature people, some eg's in next column. Get the child to retell the story to you. This works well in a small group or in a one to one situation. Use a retell sheet to help the child answer 'wh' questions about the story. The child can write the answers and/or draw a picture. The child can read the story back to an adult. | Remember to give children enough time to produce the language you want. Use the figures or pictures as a prompt to get the language you want. |
| Barrier games Barrier games designed to elicit 4 word phrases e.g. Black Sheet programme | ||
| Books | If a child is struggling say it for the child 'as he would if he could', then ask the child to produce the phrase again without your language model. | |
| Digital camera record of school trips or games in the play ground |
Relate pictures and spoken information to the wider context
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Everyday situation with a picture and a story A picture of an everyday event, or social setting e.g. crossing the road, or going to the cinema. A story to go with the picture (no more than 5 or 6 sentences). Or See the resource sheets in 'Language for Thinking' (LfT) by Parsons and Branagan (Published by Speechmark). If using this publication, use Module 1 and the level B questions. This programme has questions for a range of ability levels. | 1. Choose a scenario picture. 2. Show the children the picture and read the story to them. 3. Focus on the questions where the child must use what they can see in the picture and also some wider context to answer the questions ("LfT level B questions"). E.g. 'What will happen next?' 'How did he...?' 'What is a ....?' 'How are these the same?' | If a child gives a short answer, prompt them to expand it. If the child finds these questions easy, use some questions that require more working out and understanding of the context, e.g. 'What will happen if he...?' 'Why is it made of that?' 'If you were X, what would you say / do?' 'Why can't he?' ("LfT level C questions"). |
Plan steps in a familiar activity eg make a sandwich
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Cooking Basic kitchen equipment - dependent on what you make. Whiteboard or paper Pen Camera (optional) | 1. Choose something very simple which the children are familiar with, e.g. making toast. 2. Explain to the children that you are going to make toast, and that they are the 'teacher'. They need to tell you exactly what to do, in steps. 3. Ask them what the steps are, and write or draw them on the paper or whiteboard. Do not correct their answers. 4. Carry out the steps exactly as they have told you. Allow them to identify any errors and to correct them. 5. Record the accurate stages at the end of the activity. 6. Photos of the stages of the activity can be used as a sequencing task as well. | Make it fun! It is not a test and exaggerating the errors when you are doing them will allow the children to spot them more easily. |
| Photo sequencing Photos taken in the activity above Paper Scissors Glue | If you are making e.g. tea, there will be some acceptable variations - do you put the milk in before or after the tea? | |
| Going to the shops Paper Pen Shop! Some money | ||
| Planning steps in familiar routines Paper Pen Whiteboard | To make this easier, give them a number of steps they have to fill in, or pictures to sequence. These tasks are very useful for children who find it difficult to organise themselves. |
Give 4 word instructions
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Giving 4 word instructions Big and little food pictures (cut out), 2 baskets and 2 trolleys, each with a picture of a girl or boy. | 1. Place the baskets and trolleys with some matching food pictures where the child can see them. 2. Ask the child to put the big or little items of food in the girl or boy's basket or trolley e.g. put big apple in girl's basket / put little banana in boy's trolley / put big biscuit in girl's trolley. Encourage the child to put the food into the appropriate basket or trolley. | Give the child plenty of time to respond. Give the child plenty of praise and encouragement. Allow the child to explore materials and give time to respond to questions |
| Giving and understanding 4 word instructions Toys/pictures of table, cupboard, chair and bed. Pictures of dog and cat actions (cut out). | This task allows for opportunities to give and understand 4 word instructions. | |
| Giving 4 word instructions: farm game Big and little toy animals Doll and teddy 2 barns and fields | ||
| Outside activity game A ball. Two goals, one red and one green. Two baskets, one red and one green. | ||
| Classroom tidying up game 4 pieces of classroom equipment e.g. pencil, pen, ruler, rubber. 2 boxes of different colours |
Use two adjectives plus a noun
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Describe it Coloured pictures of a range of objects (in two or more colours e.g. red and green) with a big and a small version in each colour (e.g. big green fork, small green fork, big red fork, small red fork). To make the pictures, you can: draw your own, use clip art, photocopy line drawings on to different coloured sheets of paper, or use a product such as "Flash-Pro" (see www.aba-materials.com) | 1. Have a set of 4 pictures (e.g. big green fork, small green fork, big red fork, small red fork). Spread them out on the table in front of the child. 2. Ask the child to select the one you name. 3. When s/he can do this introduce another object so you have 8 pictures (e.g. big green fork, small green fork, big red fork, small red fork, big green cup, small green cup, big red cup, small red cup). 4. Swap roles so the child has a chance to give you instructions. | Make up lots of sets of 4 pictures. Note with the sets of four pictures, the children don't need to use the noun (e.g. "fork") to identify a particular picture. With two sets of four, they need to use both adjectives and a noun to identify a particular picture: look confused/guess wrongly if the child doesn't give you enough information. To make this more fun, you can make this into a game. Take it in turns to hide a piece of paper (with a smiley face on it say) under a card, whilst everyone else has their eyes closed. The other children then have to guess where the paper is hidden by speaking (no pointing!) With eight pictures they will need to use both adjectives and the noun to identify a picture - otherwise it may be necessary to prompt for more information (or just guess - preferably wrongly!* - the exact card they intended). *If you guess wrong, it gives the child more incentive to try and add more information. |
| Sorting Different coloured sheets of paper, according to the colours you choose. Pictures as above | If the child finds this too hard, use pictures of only one size and practice sorting by colour only first. If the child says the colour, but not the size of the object, give the same colour big and small versions one after the other. | |
| Drawing activity Paper, Coloured pens/pencils |
Use three keyword phrases to retell a simple story
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Retelling a story with miniature figures (Individual work or small group work) Small world figures or animals IDEAS FOR SIMPLE STORIES. (1) Use a Mum and a child figure: 'Come on 'Child's name' - its time to go to the park. Look I see the swings. I am swinging on the swings it is fun. Weeeee etc. Come on 'Child's name ' its time to go home now. (2) Use a Mum and a child figure: Come on 'child' name'. Lets go to the shops. We are going to buy new shoes. I like these shoes - I can run fast in these new shoes. Thanks Mum. (3) Use two child figures: Hello 'name of friend' lets go to the playground. Weee I am jumping...Look I am running....I am going to catch you. Oh dear. It is dark . We must go home now. (4) Use a Mum and a child figure: Time for school. Hurry up 'child's name', hurry we will be late. Coat on, hat on, hold my hand . Lets walk to school. Look there is the school. Bye bye 'child's name ' Bye bye Mum. (5) Use a Mum and a child figure: Its dinner time 'child's name'. Come and sit down. Look here is a beef burger. Here are some chips. Yum yum this is good. I like burger and chips. Mmmm I like burger and chips too. | Use miniature figures. Have one in each hand. Make walking or running or jumping movements with the figures as appropriate to tell the story. Make each figure do some very simple talking. Say the words as if the figure was really doing the talking. Don't use 'Mum said...' Just move Mum a bit and say the words as if the toy was able to talk! Don't say, 'The dog goes woof woof' just jump the dog up and down and say woof woof. Use the present tense. You 'do' the story once, then ask the most able child to do the story then the next most able child etc. Accept any attempt to retell the story. If the child needs help, tell the story a little bit for them then wait for the child to finish the story.. Give lots of praise for telling a story - in what ever way. . | Make the stories very short, very simple. Use lots of repetition. Use stories about things the child will have had some experience of. |
Activities to develop use the pronoun 'you' when talking
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Look at the hat | 1. Allow your child to choose a hat to wear. Point to your child and say 'You are wearing a hat'. Look in the mirror, point and say 'You are wearing a hat'. 2. Point to the symbol 'You' as you use the word 'You'. 3. Put a hat into your child's hand and encourage him/her to give the hat to you. Help the child to point at you and say 'Child's name says 'You are wearing a hat''. 4. Look in the mirror and help your child point and say again 'You are wearing a hat'. 5. Include other people in the game but keep using only the word 'you' to talk about what people are wearing. Point as you use the word 'you'. | |
| Drawing pictures - Set of familiar pictures which are easy to draw e.g. cat, dog, book etc. |
Activities to develop use the pronoun 'I' to refer to self
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Mystery bag of objects - Bag - Different objects | 1. Offer the bag of objects to the child to choose an item. 2. As the child pulls out an object, model the phrase the child needs to use e.g. 'I have got the ...'. 3. You take out an object. Say 'I have got the ...'. 4. You want the child to copy your phrase and use the word 'I'. You may need to tell the child 'Copy my words'. 5. Keep doing this activity until the child can use the standard phrase 'I have got the...'. Reward the child for success with a smile or a sticker. | You could say to the child 'this is a copying game!' Keep the pace up during this activity and keep the phrase you want the child to copy the same each time to make it easier for the child to remember and get it right and so get the reward. |
| Pretend to visit a shop | ||
| Copy the action! |
Activities to develop sentences containing a subject + verb + object
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Tea party - Soft toys - Play food and kitchen items - Optional camera | 1. Start by playing with the cutlery and play food. Eat some food yourself and say 'I'm eating banana/ apple/ bread' etc. 2. Let the child play with the food. As he/she eats say 'Sally's eating a banana/ an apple/ some bread' etc. 3. You take photos of the child, you, or the soft toys eating/drinking different items. 4. Print the photo and put it in a book. Show the child the book. Can he/she respond when you ask 'What's happening?' You may need to model the answer for the child for example 'Teddy's eating an apple/ banana/ bread' etc. | Keep language repetitive - emphasize structure It is OK to have silence between repeats of the phrases. If the child makes a sentence and puts the words in the wrong order try to model the correct sentence in a conversational way rather than correcting them (e.g. if they say, 'Teddy apple eat' you say 'Oh, Teddy's eating an apple!'). You are working on the child getting the words in the right order here, don't worry if they miss out endings (like "ing") or small words (like "a"). So the child saying "Teddy eat apple" is fine for this activity. The child may need to hear correct versions of the sentences many times before they are able to use them themselves. Using signs with the key words (e.g. Teddy, apple, eat) can also help the child to develop this skill. |
| Posting | If the child makes a sentence and puts the words in the wrong order try to model the correct sentence in a conversational way rather than correcting them (e.g. if they say, 'She hair brush' you say 'Oh, she's brushing her hair!'). You are working on the child getting the words in the right order here, don't worry if they miss out endings (like "ing") or small words (like "a"). So the child saying "She brush hair" is fine for this activity. The child may need to hear correct versions of the sentences many times before they are able to use them themselves. Using signs with the key words (e.g. she, brush, hair) can also help the child to develop this skill. | |
| Dice Game |
Use picture and verbal information to answer questions
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Everyday situation with a picture and a story A picture of an everyday event, or social setting e.g. crossing the road, or going to the cinema. A story to go with the picture (no more than 5 or 6 sentences). Or See the resource sheets in 'Language for Thinking' (LfT) by Parsons and Branagan (Published by Speechmark). If using this publication, use Module 1 and level A questions. This programme has questions for a range of ability levels. | 1. Choose a scenario picture. 2. Show the children the picture and read the story to them. 3. Focus on questions where the child looks for the answer in the picture and just uses a little background knowledge. E.g. 'Find one that is....', 'When did...', 'What does this do?' 'What else is an X? etc. | If a child gives a short answer, prompt them to expand it. If the child finds these questions easy, use some questions that require more working out and understanding of the context e.g. 'What will happen next?' 'How else could he do it? ("LfT level B" questions if you are using this publication). |
To be able to name items from different categories
| Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
|---|---|---|
| Think of a... Game - category dice - click here to print or - category cards - click here to print - if you do not have a printer you could make your own. - normal dice (optional) | 1. Print and cut out the catgeory cards and/or dice. You can make your own if you do not have access to a printer. 2. Explain to your child you are going to play a game where you think of items from different categories, e.g. 'animals' - you might say 'cat'. 3. Choose either the category dice or cards to play with. 4. Roll the dice or choose a card. The person has to name an item from that category. If the same category comes up later in the game, you need to think of a different item. You may want to keep a list of the items that have been named as a reminder.
| To make the game harder, when you roll the category dice, or choose the category card, roll a normal dice to give you a number of item to name from that partiucalar category. |
| How many can I think of? - Pen and paper | Count up the number of suggestions the child has made. Next time you do the activity, the child can try to beat their score. |
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