Blank M., Rose S., and Berlin L. (1978) "The Language of Learning: The Preschool Years". Grune and Stratton, New York.
Blank's Levels of Discourse and the associated descriptions quoted from Blank, Rose and Berlin (1978) are used on Commtap by kind permission of Dr. Marion Blank. Marion Blank's software programmes Reading Kingdom and ASD Reading use the ideas developed in this discourse model.
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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What's in the bag? - adjective symbol boards - click here to print - a variety of objects or pictures - click below for a selection of pictures: - a bag |
| Make sure your child/student has an understanding of the basic concepts, e.g. heavy/light, hard/soft before playing this game.
To make this activity easier, you could give your child/student a selection of pictures they can look at while you are giving clues to see if they can find the one you are describing. |
Label a picture - A selection of photographs or pictures of objects - you could cut them out from a newspaper, magazine or catalogue. - Paper - Glue |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Matching game |
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Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Hot/cold sorting game | 1. Choose a selection of picture cards to sort - print and cut these out along with the hot/cold symbols. 2. Explain to your child that you are going to sort the pictures into whether the item is hot/cold. 3. Take turns at choosing a picture and sorting it on to hte correct symbol. Name the picture as you sort, e.g. 'ice cube is cold'. 4. You could use a turn taking game alongside sorting to make the activity fun. | |
Hot/cold clothing sorting game |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Sort the Washing (size + colour + noun) - Washing machine template - click here to print. You could stick the template onto a cardboard box and cut out a slot to post the clothing cards in to. | - Print and cut out the washing machine template and clothing cards. - Lay out the clothes cards in front of you. Explain to your child that you need to put the washing in the machine and that they can help. - Give instructions containing 3 key words (size+colour+clothing item), e.g. wash the big red hat, wash the small green socks. - After a few turns, encourage your child to give you an instruction. | If your child is finding it challenging to follow the instructions containing 3 key words you could try the following: - check that they understand the concepts being used in the instructions: colour and size Click here for activities that work on developing big/little/small. - Remove some of the pictures and give instructions containing 2 key words, e.g. have one size of clothes and different colours, 'was the red hat'. You could also look at activities that focus on two key words here: Two key word activities - set 1 Two key word activities - set 2 Two key word activities - set 3
If your child is following 3 key word instructions, you may like to try working on 4 key word instruction here: |
Alien Visitors (size + colour + place) | If your child is finding it challenging to follow the instructions containing 3 key words you could try the following: - check that they understand the concepts being used in the instructions: colour and size Click here for activities that work on developing big/little/small. - Remove some of the pictures and give instructions containing 2 key words, e.g. have one size of clothes and different colours, 'was the red hat'. You could also look at activities that focus on two key words here: Two key word activities - set 1 Two key word activities - set 2 Two key word activities - set 3
If your child is following 3 key word instructions, you may like to try working on 4 key word instruction here: | |
Pirate themed game (size + object + place) | If your child is finding it challenging to follow the instructions containing 3 key words you could try the following: - check that they understand the concepts being used in the instructions: size Click here for activities that work on developing big/little/small. - Remove some of the pictures and give instructions containing 2 key words, e.g. have one size of clothes and different colours, 'was the red hat'. You could also look at activities that focus on two key words here: Two key word activities - set 1 Two key word activities - set 2 Two key word activities - set 3 If your child is following 3 key word instructions, you may like to try working on 4 key word instruction here: |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Animal Game (size + noun + preposition) | 1. Print and cut out the big/little animal picture cards. 2. Explain to you child that you are going to ask them to place the animals in different places. 3. Lay out a selection of big and little animals in front of your child - make sure you have the big and little version of each animal. 4. Give instructions containing a preposition, e.g. put the big sheep under the box, put the little cow next to the box. Prepostion words you could use: in, on, under, being, in front, next to. | |
Hide the toys (noun + preposition + noun) - A room with different furniture or items such as baskets/boxes where you can hide objects. - Objects/toys (e.g. ball, car, doll etc) |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Picnic Time (noun + noun + noun) - 2 different soft toys, e.g dolly/teddy - 2 plates - baskets - Play food items | 1. Put teddy and dolly in front of your child. 2. Give teddy a plate and a basket, then give dolly a plate and a basket 3. Lay a selection of play food out for your child to see. 4. Give instructions to your child, e.g. "put the banana on teddy's plate", or "put the bread in dolly's basket". 5. After a few turns, see if your child is able to give you an instruction. | If your child is finding it challenging to understand 3 key words, try some of the activities that work on 2 key words - click on the links below:
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Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Big/little treasure hunt |
| If your child is understanding these concepts well, you may wish to try some key word activities that can be found here: (add link) |
Big/little sorting - Picture cards to sort - click on links below to print:
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Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Matching Pairs |
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Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Male/Female and he/she sorting activity - Male female sorting symbols and pictures - click here to print - You could also use photographs of family members, pictures from magazines/newspapers. |
| Once your child is getting confident with sorting the pictures into the correct piles, you can start to add the labels 'he' and 'she', e.g. 'we call a woman/girl a 'she', 'we call a man/boy a 'he''. This is called modelling - your child is not expected to use the words at this point but it is important for them to start to hear the new words that they are going to learn. |
Which is it? | 1. Print and cut out the he/she pictures. Choose one each of an action, e.g. don't have both the boy and girl running. 2. Spread the pictures out in front of you. You may like to play a turn taking game alongside using the pictures. 3. Ask the child a question, e.g. "who is cooking?" 4. The child points to the correct picture and says, for example, "he is" or "he is cooking". 5. You can sort the pictures into a pile of he/she. | |
Play with dolls A male doll A female doll A selection of different objects e.g. cup, ball. | ||
Matching Pairs | ||
Using he/she plus an action word | ||
he/she lotto game |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Subcategory Dice - Printable subcategory dice templates
- Printable subcategory cards
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| If your child is finding this task challenging, you can help by searching for an item together. It may also be useful to visit activities working on sorting items into categories - click here.
If your child is able to do this activity, when they select a card, you could ask them to think of another item that belongs to that subcategory but is not in the picture cards. |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Category Dice |
| If your child is finding this task challenging, you can help by searching for an item together. It may also be useful to visit activities working on sorting items into categories - click here.
If your child is able to do this activity, when they select a card, you could ask them to think of another item that belongs to that category but is not in the picture cards.
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Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Musical Instruments - a selection of musical instruments - Click here for ideas of how to use household items to make musical instruments | 1. Each person chooses a musical instrument. 2. If you wish, you can use symbols alongside the words you use. Talk about noisy sounds and quiet sounds. Practice making these with your musical instrument. 3. Swap musical instruments and make noisy/quiet sounds again. 4. Play a game where you take turns at being the conductor and give the instructions of noisy or quiet for the others to follow. | If your child is finding it challenging to grasp the difference between noisy and quiet. Choose one concept first, e.g. noisy, and use 'not noisy' as the alternative. Once you are confident that your child understands this concept you can start to teach the concept of quiet. |
Listening Walk | If your child is finding it challenging to grasp the difference between noisy and quiet. Choose one concept first, e.g. noisy, and use 'not noisy' as the alternative. Once you are confident that your child understands this concept you can start to teach the concept of quiet. | |
Noisy/quiet sorting game | If your child is finding it challenging to grasp the difference between noisy and quiet. Choose one concept first, e.g. noisy, and use 'not noisy' as the alternative. Once you are confident that your child understands this concept you can start to teach the concept of quiet. |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Familiar picture books
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| Teach these concepts using repeated phrases and matching them as much as possible with the relevant symbol. Allow thinking time. Reward any attempts. |
Photos of people One or more of these:
...and if required:
| You may need to give the child a language model before he/she can ask a 'who' question. | |
Who is around? A situation where there are other people - for example in class, in the playground. "Who" symbol card if required. |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Play with dolls A male doll A female doll 2 identical sets of items, e.g. toy food, counters, any small items.
| 1. Explain to the child that you are going to play a game that will help them learn 'him and 'her. 2. Set out the dolls and the items. Explain that you call the male doll 'him' and the female doll, 'her'. 3. Give you child instructions - e.g. give the cup to him, give the plate to her. 4. After a few turns, ask your child to give you an instruction using the word 'him' or 'her'. | Before woring on him/her, make sure your child can understand and use he/she - click here for activities to develop these concepts. |
Him/her sorting game |
Activity/strategy name and materials required | How to do the activity | Key principles for doing the activity and comments |
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Self Care Activities Camera to make the picture sequences (or alternatively you can draw them or use a commercial resource). Resources as appropriate to carry out a simple sequence Examples of sequences: Clean teeth: get toothpaste, open lid, get brush, squeeze toothpaste onto brush, put lid back onto toothpaste, brush teeth, spit out, put brush under water, repeat, clean brush, put brush away. Wash hands: turn on tap, rinse hands, put soap on hands, scrub hands, rinse under water, turn tap off, dry with towel. Brush hair: get brush, brush hair, put brush away. Deodorant: get deodorant, take off lid, spray at appropriate area, put lid back on, put away. | 1. Carry out the sequence without the pictures; 2. Do it again, showing the relevant picture for each part of the activity as you do it; 3. Get the student to do the sequence, showing them a picture for each part of the sequence as they do it; 4. Get them to show you what to do by giving you a picture for each part of the sequence. Try to do exactly as the picture you are given indicates, for example if they give you a picture of scrubbing your hands before the tap is turned on/before you have the soap, try to do this - but appear confused when this doesn't work. | At this level students may often be able to learn particular sequences of pictures without understanding that they relate to a sequence of actions, these activities are designed to address this issue. Seeing how the sequence goes wrong if the wrong picture is chosen (in step 4) will encourage the student to work out which should have been the right picture without you needing to give any further feedback. |
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